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QUICKBASIC 4.5
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User's Guide

Survival Guide

• QB Advisor Help System
• Use Menus and Commands
• Select Text

Keys

• Shortcut Keys Summary
• Editing Keys
• View Keys
• Search Keys
• Debugging Keys
• Help Keys

Limits to QuickBASIC

• Names Strings and Numbers
• Arrays
• Procedures and Files
• Editing

Using QuickBASIC

• Syntax Notation
• Version 4.5 Differences
• QuickBASIC Command Line
• ASCII Chart
• Keyboard Scan Codes
• Error Messages
• QuickBasic IDE
• Product Support
• Copyright and Registered Trademarks

Functional Keyword Lists

• Control Flow Statements
• Procedure-Building Statements
• Device I O Statements and Functions
• File I O Statements and Functions
• String Manipulation Statements and Functions
• Graphics Statements and Functions
• Event and Error Trapping Statements and Functions

Fundamental Building Blocks

• Character Set
• Program Line
• BASIC Statements

Data Types

• Basic Data Types
• Strings
• Integers and Long Integers
• Floating-Point Numbers
• User-Defined Data Types
• Variable-Type Memory Requirements
• Constants
• Variables
• Variable Names
• Declaring Simple Variables
• Declaring Array Variables
• Metacommands Syntax
• Variable Storage Allocation
• Scoping rules
• Storage of arrays
• Initialization of variables
• Converting between BASIC data types

BASIC Expressions and Operators

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Functional Operators
• String Operators
• Hierarchy of Operations
• Truth Table for Logical Operators

Modules and Procedures

• Modules
• FUNCTION Procedures
• DEF FN Functions
• SUB Procedures
• Argument Passing Conventions
• Recursion

Selected Programs

• Control Flow Example
• Input Output Example
• String Manipulation Example
• Event and Error Trapping Example
• Graphics Example
• Example Procedures

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User's Reference

ABS Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
ACCESS Clause
ALIAS Clause
AND Operator
ANY Clause
APPEND Keyword
AS Clause
ASC Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
ATN Function
   -   Details
   -   Example


BASE Keyword
BEEP Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
BINARY Keyword
BLOAD Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
BSAVE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
BYVAL Clause


CALL Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
CALLS or CALL (Non-BASIC Procedures) Statements
   -   Details
   -   Example
CALL ABSOLUTE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
CALL INTERRUPT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
CASE Keyword
   -   Details
   -   Examples
CDBL Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CDECL Keyword
CHAIN Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
CHDIR Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
CHR$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CINT Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CIRCLE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
CLEAR Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
CLNG Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CLOSE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
CLS Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
COLOR Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
COM(n) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
COMMAND$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
COMMON Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
CONST Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
COS Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CSNG Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CSRLIN Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CVD Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CVDMBF Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CVI Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CVL Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CVS Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
CVSMBF Function
   -   Details
   -   Example


DATA Statement
   -   Details
   -   Examples
Data Type Keywords
DATE$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
DATE$ Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DECLARE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DECLARE (Non-BASIC) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DEF FN Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DEF SEG Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DEFDBL Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DEFINT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DEFLNG Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DEFSNG Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DEFSTR Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DIM Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
DO...LOOP Statement
   -   Details
   -   Examples
DOUBLE Variable
DRAW Statement
   -   Details
   -   Examples
   -   Macro Language
$DYNAMIC Metacommand
   -   Details
   -   Example


ELSE Keyword
   -   Details
   -   Example
ELSEIF Keyword
   -   Details
   -   Example
END Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ENDIF Keyword
   -   Details
   -   Example
ENVIRON Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ENVIRON$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
EOF Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
EQV Operator
ERASE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ERDEV Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
ERDEV$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
ERL Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
ERR Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
ERROR Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
EXIT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
EXP Function
   -   Details
   -   Example


FIELD Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
FILEATTR Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
FILES Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
FIX Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
FOR...NEXT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
FRE Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
FREEFILE Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
FUNCTION Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example


GET (File I O) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
GET (Graphics) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
GOSUB Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
GOTO Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example


HEX$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example


IF...THEN Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
IMP Operator
$INCLUDE Metacommand
   -   Details
   -   Example
INKEY$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
INP Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
INPUT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
INPUT # Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
INPUT$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
INSTR Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
INT Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
INTEGER Variable
IOCTL Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
IOCTL$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
IS Keyword
   -   Details
   -   Examples


KEY Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
KEY(n) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
KILL Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example


LBOUND Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
LCASE$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
LEFT$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
LEN Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
LET (Assignment) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
LINE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
LINE INPUT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
LINE INPUT # Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
LIST Keyword
   -   Details
   -   Example
LOC Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
LOCAL Keyword
LOCATE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Examples
LOCK...UNLOCK Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
LOF Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
LOG Function
   -   Details
   -   Examples
Logical Operator Truth Table
LONG Variable
LPOS Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
LOOP Keyword
   -   Details
   -   Examples
LPRINT Statements
   -   Details
   -   Example
LSET Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
LTRIM$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example


MID$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
MID$ Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
MKD$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
MKDIR Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
MKDMBF$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
MKI$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
MKL$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
MKS$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
MKSMBF$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
MOD Arithmetic Operator


NAME Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
NEXT Keyword
NOT Operator


OCT$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
OFF Keyword
ON Keyword
ON COM(n) Statements
   -   Details
   -   Example
ON ERROR Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ON event Statements
   -   Details
   -   Examples
ON KEY(n) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ON PEN Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ON PLAY(n) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ON STRIG(n) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ON TIMER(n) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ON UEVENT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ON...GOSUB Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
ON...GOTO Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
OPEN (File I O) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Examples
OPEN COM Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
Operator Precedence
OPTION BASE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
OR Operator
OUT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
OUTPUT Keyword


PAINT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
PALETTE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
PCOPY Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
PEEK Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
PEN Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
PEN Statements
   -   Details
   -   Example
PLAY Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
PLAY Statement
   -   Details
   -   Octave and Tone
   -   Duration and Tempo
   -   Operation
   -   Execute Substrings
   -   Example
PLAY (Event Trapping) Statements
   -   Details
   -   Example
PMAP Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
POINT Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
POKE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
POS Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
PRESET Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
PRINT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Examples
PRINT USING Statement
   -   Details
   -   Examples
PRINT # Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
PSET Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
PUT (File I O) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
PUT (Graphics) Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example


RANDOM Keyword
RANDOMIZE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
READ Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
REDIM Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
REM Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
RESET Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
RESTORE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
RESUME Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
RETURN Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
RIGHT$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
RMDIR Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
RND Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
RSET Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
RTRIM$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
RUN Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example


SADD Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
SCREEN Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
SCREEN Statement
   -   Details
   -   Screen Modes
   -   Adapters
   -   Colors
   -   Example
   -   SCREEN 0
   -   SCREEN 1 and 2
   -   SCREEN 3 and 4
   -   SCREEN 7, 8 and 9
   -   SCREEN 10
   -   SCREEN 11, 12 and 13
SEEK Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
SEEK Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
SELECT CASE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Examples
SETMEM Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
SGN Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
SHARED Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
SHELL Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
SIGNAL Keyword
SIN Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
SINGLE Variable
SLEEP Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
SOUND Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
SPACE$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
SPC Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
SQR Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
STATIC Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
$STATIC Metacommand
   -   Details
   -   Example
STEP Keyword
STICK Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
STOP Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
STR$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
STRIG Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
STRIG Statements
   -   Details
   -   Example
STRING Variable
STRING$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
SUB Statement
   -   Details
   -   Examples
SWAP Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
SYSTEM Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example


TAB Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
TAN Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
THEN Keyword
   -   Details
   -   Example
TIME$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
TIME$ Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
TIMER Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
TIMER Statements
   -   Details
   -   Example
TO Keyword
TROFF Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
TRON Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
TYPE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example


UBOUND Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
UCASE$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
UEVENT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
UNLOCK Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
UNTIL Keyword
   -   Details
   -   Examples
USING Keyword


VAL Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
Variable Scope Rules
VARPTR Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
VARPTR$ Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
VARSEG Function
   -   Details
   -   Example
VIEW Statement
   -   Details
   -   Examples
VIEW PRINT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example


WAIT Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
WEND Keyword
   -   Details
   -   Example
WHILE...WEND Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
WIDTH Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
WINDOW Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
WRITE Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example
WRITE # Statement
   -   Details
   -   Example


XOR Operator